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Aliya

Verbatim: "ascent, going up". Going up to the Torah in synagogues. Non-liturgically it means immigration of Jews to Israel.

Ashkenazim

Jews originating from the territories of medieval Germany and Northern France. Following expulsions in the 13th and14th centuries they migrated to Eastern Europe and the Baltic lands. Their traditional vernacular was Yiddish, which later lost importance to some national languages.